Participants of this study divided into two randomly allocated groups (vitamin D and placebo) by random permuted blocks within the strata (BMI) method. All patients used metformin and/or glibenclamide as anti-diabetic drugs and agreed to maintain their usual dietary and physical activity habits at the time of intervention. None of the women patients were pregnant or breastfeeding. The exclusion criteria were consuming vitamin D supplements within 3 months before beginning of the study and having complications of diabetes, thyroid disorders, and using insulin, thiazolidindiones or anti- obesity drugs. This study was approved by the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) ethical committee (ID: 17112) and registered on as NC 01876563. Patient selected from Iranian Diabetes Association (IDA). The study completed with 58 patients (36 women and 12 men). Seven patients discontinued the supplements consumption, three from placebo group and four from vitamin D group. An informed consent was obtained from all of the participants. The participants of this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial study consist of 65 diabetic type 2 patients at the age range of 30–60 years old who agreed to take place in our study between September 2012 and February 2013. reported high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in several cities of Iran ( 11).īecause of the role of vitamin D in insulin function and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose control and insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes. Vitamin D supplementation increases significantly insulin sensitivity in IGT patients ( 10). Lower circulating level of calcidiol was associated with the increased risk of coronary artery disease in diabetic patients ( 9). Therefore, the correction of vitamin D deficiency may result in improved glucose control and has beneficial effects on complications of diabetes type 2 ( 8). Vitamin D may also regulate glucose homeostasis by stimulating insulin release from pancreatic B-cells ( 6, 7).

Vitamin D may facilitate insulin function by regulating its receptor expression, so it may be increases insulin sensitivity ( 5). There are several studies showing that vitamin D deficiency may resulted in developing diabetes type 2 ( 2– 4). Diabetes type 2 is a worldwide disease and it is estimated that at the end of 2030 more than 550 million people suffer from this disease ( 1).

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